Buddhism - Buddhism
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Q: what do you know about the religion of Buddhism?
| Option | Answer | Is Correct |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Buddhism was founded in the fourth or fifth century B.C. in northern India by a man known traditionally as Siddhartha (meaning “he who has reached the goal) Gautania the son of a warrior prince. Some scholars believe that lie lived from 563 to 483 B.C.” though his exact life span is uncertain. Troubled by the inevitability of suffering in human life, lie lea home and a pampered life at the age of 29 to wander as an ascetic, seeking religious insight and a solution to the struggles of human existence. He passed through many trials and practiced extreme self-denial. Finally, while meditating under the bodhi tree (“tree of perfect knowledge”) he reached enlightenment and taught his followers about his new spiritual understanding. Gautama’s teachings differed from the Hindu faith prevalent in India at the time. Whereas in Hinduism the Brahman caste alone performed religious functions and attained the highest spiritual understanding, Gautama’s beliefs were more egalitarian, accessible to all who wished to be enlightened. At the core of his understanding were the Four Noble Truths: (I) all living beings suffer; (2) the origin of this suffering is desire for material possessions, power, and so on: (3) desire can he overcome; and (4) there is a path that leads to release from desire. This way is called the Noble Eight-fold Path: right views, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, tight effort, right concentration, and right ecstasy. | |
| 2 | Gautama promoted the concept of anannan (that a person has no actual self) and the idea that existence is characterized by impermanence. This realization helps one let go of desire for transient things. Still, Gautama did not recommend extreme self-denial but ratchet a disciplined life called the Middle Way. Like the Hindus, he believed that existence consisted of reincarnation, a cycle of birth and death. He held that it could be broken only by reaching complete detachment front worldly cares. Then the soul colloid be released into nirvana (literally “blowing soul”) alt indescribable state of total transcendence. Gautama traveled to preach the dharnia (sacred truth) and was recognized as the Buddha (enlightened, one). After his death his followers continued to develop dock inc and practice, which can to center on the Three Jewels: the dharnia (the sacred teachings of Buddhism), the sangha (the community of followers, which now includes nuns, menks, and .laity), and the Buddha. Under the patronage of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka (third century B.C.), Buddhism spread throughout India and to other parts of Asia. Monasteries well established, as well as temples dedicated to Buddha; at shrines his relics were venerated. Though by the fourth century A.D. Buddhist presence in India had dwindled, it flourished in other parts of Asia. | |
| 3 | Between the second century B.C. and the second century A.D., the Mahayana (Greater Vehicle) tradition re focused Buddhism to concentrate less on individual attainment of enlightenment and more on concern for humanity. It promotes the ideal of the Bodhisattva (enlightened being), who shuns entering nirvana until all sentient beings can do so as well, willingly remaining in the painful cycle of birth and death to perform works of compassion. Members of this tradition conceive of Buddha as an eternal being to whom prayers can be made; other Buddhas are revered as well, adding a polytheistic dimension to the religion. Numerous sects have developed from the Mahayana tradition, which has been influential In China, Korea, and Japan. A third broad tradition, variously called Vajrayana (Diamond Vehicle), Mantrayana (Vehicle of the Mann), or Tantric Buddhism, offers a quicker, more demanding way to achieve nirvana. Because of its level of challenge-enabling one to reach enlightenment in one lifetime-it requires the guidance of spiritual leader. It is most prominent in Tibet and Mongolia. Zen Buddhism encourages individuals to seek the Buddha nature within themselves and to practice a disciplined form of sitting meditation in order to reach satori — spiritual enlightenment. |
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