UN Structure - UN Structure
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Q: Explain the structure of United Nation Organization?
| Option | Answer | Is Correct |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1. General Assembly: The General Assembly is the discussion body of the United Nations and consists of all members of the UN. While each member-nation can send five delegates and six alternates to the Assembly, each nation has only one vote. A two-thirds of majority is needed to pass resolution on important questions such as recommendation on peace and security, new members, electing members to the councils, budget considerations, and so forth. Other questions are decided by a simple majority vote. No nation in the General Assembly has a veto power. The Assembly meets regularly once a year (beginning on the third Tuesday of September) and also holds special or emergency sessions whenever necessary. As the “town meeting” of the world, the General Assembly can discuss any issue in any area except those issues on the Security Council agenda. When, however the Security Council is unable to reach a decision on political action, under the “Uniting for Peace” resolution, on a simple majority vote, the Security Council can drop the issue from its agenda. The General Assembly can then deal with the problem and make its recommendations. The Assembly receives and makes recommendations on reports from the Economic and Social Council and Trusteeship Council. in this capacity, the General Assembly can begin studies on, and offer plans for, international cooperation in politics, law, economics, social welfare, education, health and human rights. On the recommendation of the Security Council, the General Assembly elects the Secretary-General. Voting separately the Security Council and the General Assembly elect the judges of the International Court of Justice. The Assembly votes on new members approved by the Security Council and can also expel or suspend member countries. The Assembly also elects the non-permanent members of the Economic and Social Council, as well as certain members of the Trusteeship Council. | |
| 2 | 2. Security Council: The Security Council has the basic responsibility for the maintenance of peace and security. It is also responsible for the functions of the UN in trust territories classed as “strategic areas”. Although originally made up of II members, the strength of the Council by an amendment to the Charter, has been raised to 15 members, five of which are permanent: the United States, Britain, China, France and the Russia, its ten non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly by two-thirds majority for a two-year term. Retiring members are not eligible for immediate re-election. The presidency of the Security Council is alternated on a monthly basis by its member-states (in English alphabetical order). Each member of the Security Council has one vote. in voting on substantive rather than procedural measures, all permanent members must vote “yes” if the measures is to pass. A single negative vote (veto) by a permanent member automatically prevents the proposal from being passed. “Substantive” measures are those which require action by member-states, thus involving political decisions; “procedural” measures pertain to decisions on the internal functioning of the Council’s work. The ten non-permanent members of the Security Council do not have the veto power. Members of the Council must always be represented at UN headquarters since the Council can be called into session at any time in a matter of hours. When a complaint is brought before the Security Council, the Council usually recommends negotiation or mediation as a means of setting the dispute. If this falls and fighting breaks out, the Security Council has the power to take collective action in recommending diplomatic and/or economic sanctions. Armed forces, supplied by member-nations, may be called to repel the aggressor or act as a buffer until the issue is settled. The Security Council also recommends (to the general Assembly) new nations for membership and names its candidate for Sec | |
| 3 | 5. International Court of Justice: The International court of Justice, established by the UN Charter, settles international legal problems. All members of United Nations come under the rules of this Court though they are not required to bring cases before it. The Court is made up of 15 judges, chosen without regard to nationality who are elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council. No two judges may represent the same country but judges can when their nine- year term expires, be elected. . Case may be referred to the Court by member nations involved in a dispute, in which case the Court’s decision is binding upon them. Advisory opinions may be requested by the UN itself, in which case the Court’s opinion must be accepted by a two-thirds majority vote. All questions are decided by a majority vote of the judges present. Where votes are equal, the President of the Court casts the deciding vote. The President and Vice-President of the Court are elected for three years and may, when their term expires, before-elected. The Court is permanently in session at The Hague, in Holland, but may hold its meetings elsewhere, if necessary. 6. Secretariat: The Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General. He is appointed by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Security Council, for a term of five years and is the Chief administrative officer of the United Nations. He also has the political responsibility to carry out the aims of the Charter. The Secretary-General may bring any matter before the Security Council which he considers a threat to international peace. He presides as Secretary-General, or authorizes a deputy to do so, over all meetings of the General Assembly and other major UN organs. He must also carry out all functions entrusted to him by these organs and submit an annual report to the General Assembly on the work of the UN. Offices of the Secretary-General consists of the Executive Office; Under Secretary for General Assembly Affair |
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